Reinhold h



Feb. 26, 1929. 1,703,215

R. H. WAPPLER OBJECTIVEY SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL TELESCOPES.

Filed Feb. 8, 1927 j h/ ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 26, 1929,

RE'INHOLD n. WAP'LR,

5 1 .clearly illuminatediield ofvisionunaiected u YVlifroin the st andpoint 'of distortion by the exfft'reme closeness of the area being examined. f @It is'anobject ofthe present invention to provide atelesc'opeof this character with anobjective system having the'desiied ad- .vantageousieatures More particularly, it

The foi-Ward portion 11 s'provided with 7? an object toprovide an objective system HKwhich permits a maximum field of vision 'even in 'cavities of extremely small cross- ,sectiomfwhich reduces distortion to 'a minimum, andwhich is extremely efficient rorn the standpoint'oii illumination lighttransmitting qualities. 1"

'Q-Another object of the invention is to prol fvidesuch a'fdevice in a' simple and uncom- L lplcatedforn'l', thereby-rendering its manu- .'fa'cture extremely inexpensive from the standpoint ot'mate'rial, time, and skill. L 'f Briefly, my invention contemplates the "provisin of'an optical fsystem which comprises in combination a concave lens and an?.

optical device such as a vdouble acting prism for receiving 'and transmitting the light passing through the lens.

objects and suchother objects as may hereinafter Aappear or be pointed out, I have v. illustrated one form oi my invention in the accompanying'y drawings in Which E l is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the inner end of a: telescopic tube emclpodying the features of my invention; rFig. 2 is an exploded view ot certain of the elements shown in Fig. 1.

Referring t0 the drawings, and particularly to Figi, it will .be observed that 1 have shownniy .Optical system arranged in an end portion of a telescopic tube 10,1t

l ;bei11g understood that the latter may, if dethe foregoing.

1,703,215 PTENT OFQFIQE o F YoNKERs, NEW YoRx'."

sired, be provided with the usual lensesand other optical arrangements for transmitting the light rays therethrough. i

. In the embodiment shown,"1 havepiovided -end portion or capV within' which 1 the optical instruments of thepresent invention are arranged. Asto'certain 'phasesiof my invention, such a cap is not essential, but a construction. of this fcharacter is highly dosirablefrom the standpoint of manufacture. j Reference to Fig. Q "will "show that the reap vmay consist ofafterward portion 11 whose outer periphery is adapted to llie flush with the outer periphery of the tube 10 and thereby form a smooth 1continuation thereof. The cap may'also be provided with. a stem portion 12 of slightly reduced diameter and externally threaded as at 13, the threads 13 being adapted to engage with corresponding inernal threads provided in the end of the ytu e l0. i "I' f" Barnstable A 4 Y 'The lens 15is pl eferablyarranged with a 'plane outer surface adapted to lie iiush with f .the `face 14, so that when the lens vis in f place, the forward end ofthe telescope will b e totally devoid of any objectionable protruding portions or edges#- Mounted within the cap, 'I have provided a double acting prism 17 whose side surfaces may be substantially cylindrical 'so as to A rpermit the mounting 'thereof 'in 'a small sleeve 1S adapted to iitsnugly within the cap. The prism is provided with a front face 19 arranged to lie in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the lens 15 and forming an acute angle with the major axis of the prism and hence oi'- the telescope as a whole. The forward portion of the prism is shaped to provide a side face 20 lying ina plane almost parallelv to the axis ot' the prism and rendering the forward portion of the prism substantially wedgeshaped.

The 'faces 19 and 20 are so arranged that light rays passing through the front face 19 will strike upon the side face 20, will be reflected by the latter back to the front face 19, and willbe' re-reiected, by internal reflection, into a substantially longitudinal direction. For the sake of clearness, a perpendicular ray passing through the. center ot` the lens is shown in Fig. 1, and the path et this ray is clearly disclosed in this figure. lt' desired, the face 20 may besilvered so as to increase its reiecting properties." In. Fig. 1, I have shown the rear. tace 21 of a conliguration is" not essential l'ro'rrr the f lltliiighfImh'avei' slioivii.l .the prisni 17 ymounted Within a sleeve 18, ity will be understood that an arrangement of this character is not necessarily required, the essenceot the i ,invention lying in the mutual arrangement of the lens 15 and the prism 17A as shown in Fig. 1. It will be observed that the nat-ure `oi my invent-ion permits the lens 15 to be 'mounted obliquely with respect to the axis oi the telescope. In this way, the lens will 4beslightly spaced from the wallspf any "minute cavity being examined. This spacing oft the lens. from the Wall of the cavity enhances thefclearness et the vision obtained." f i The mini'niizingfot" distortion is further L assured by the provision of the concave lens 15, quite apart from any specific location thereof, it being Well known that a concave `lens produces a minimum ot distortion at even extremely close proximity to an ,object -being viewed.

The provision of the concave'lens 15 has the additional desirable feature of enlarging i the se-called entrance pupil ot the entire high character.

V`by an imaginary cone Whose axis coincides Walls tend to hug the sides ot the tube,

character and range et the field of vision are system; and in this Way,l the illumination or light-transmitting qualities `ot a telescope equipped in this manner are of an extremely o't vision commanded by the lens 151 isa relatively large one, being substantially defined Withtlie axis et the lens 15 and Whose, apex vlies closely adjacent to the innersurtace of .said lens. The advantageous characteristics of my4 in- Vvolition,illustratively exempliied by the ad- Vvantageous features just enumerated render lthe device extremely efficient.' Even Where the telescopic tube is employed for the ex' amination of relatively small cavities'wh'ose the yexceptionally goed. It is' contemplated that 4 a telescope constructed in accordance. with w the. present invention will be employed in association with an incandescent lampl which may be arranged in a separate tube alongside of the telescope or forwardly ot the telescope andA Within the calibre ot the latter. In the latter case, the disposition et the lens 15 in the oblique manner shown will facilitate the proper illumination et the area being ext the same time', the field appended claims. It is therefore intended that these details be. interpreted as illustrative, and not in a' limiting sense.

v`'Having thus` described my inventionv and illustrated its use, what I cla-im as new4 and desire tesecure by'Letters Patent is-- l. A telescope' of the character described,

comprising a forward portion having a' beveled face, said' tace having" an opening therein, a concave lens mounted insaid opening, and optical means mounted in sai-d' for- Ward portion and behind' said lens for receivingthe light rays'ppassing through the lens and transmitting them longitudinally "through the tube, said optical` means being 'arranged and constructed to render the image transmitted erect and uninverted, and

said means comprising a. double acting prism having a light-receiving tacel disposed in the :path of the light rays passing through the lens and substantially perpendicular to'l the axis of the lens.

2. A telescope ofthe character described,

comprisingy a closed inner endI portion having a beveledface lying in a plane oblique with respect to the tube axis, said face having anopening therein, va conca-ve V lens mounted in said opening andl havinga planel outer surface substantially flush with said face, and optical means mounted in' said end portion for receiving the light rays-passing through the lens and; transmitting them in an erect and' uni'nverted manner longitu f dially through the tube.

3. An vob]eetive system for a telescopic l. tube et the character described, said'I system comprising a concave lens mounted in a wall of the tube, and adouble acting prism behind said' lens said. prism being so constructed and arrangedV asl to transmit the light rays passing througl'i the lens in a longitudinal direction through the telescope,

and said prism havin-ga light-receiving facesubstantially perpendicular to the axis of said concave lens.

4. An objective 'system for a.- telescopic tube of the character described, said system comprising a concave lens mounted i-iia wall of the tube, and a doublev acting prism` behind said" lens', said' prism being so constructed and arranged as to trasmit the'light rays passing tl'irough the lensin' a longitudinal direction through theV telescope, and said prism having a. front face substantially tube of the character described, said systeml .onto the .front face in directions which Will cause said rays to be internally re-reflected into said longitudinal direction.

5. An objective system for a telescopic comprising a concave lens mounted obliquely in a forward Wall portion of the tube so as to command an obliquely forward field of vision substantially defined by a cone Whose axis coincides with the aXis of the lens, and

a double acting prism behind said lens, said prism including a front face arranged behind said lens along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the lens, and said prism being so constructed and arranged as to transmit the light rays passing through the lens and through said front face in an erect and uninverted manner longitudinally through the telescope.

In Witness whereof, I have signed and sealed this specification this 3 day of Febru- 25 ary, 1927.

REIN HOLD H. WAPPLER. 

